2. New technologies for textile functionalization
2.8. Biotechnological treatments
Biotechnological treatments
- in the
textile industry - enzymes are well known and used as biological agents - by enzymatic biopolishing
Enzymes in textile bioprocessing:
Cellulase
- removal of
protruding and tangled fibers from the surface -
result:
cleaning, softness and shine of the material. Procedure
is
especially important for lyocell fibers - due to the occurrence of
fibrillation!
Transglutaminase - in wool for shrinkage resistance,
increased strength,
feel, softness, wettability, dyeing, reduction of release tendency and protection against damage due to the use of commercial detergents.
Lipases and
esterases
- for polyester fibers for increasing hydrophilicity and absorption properties.
Advantages of
enzymes: processing at a lower temperature, without use of harmful
chemicals. Disadvantages of enzymes: poor stability, poor compatibility with other chemical agents, longer processing time, relatively high cost.
Today, using of biomolecules is promising for treatment of synthetic fibers.
Group of researchers are used Polylysine (PLL ) biomolecule - as a surface coating agent for simultaneously imparting hydrophilic and antibacterial functions to PA fiber.
It well known that polyamide (PA) fiber possess lower hydrophilic properties and poor wearing comfort and without antibacterial function, but in the same time PA fiber is after polyester (PES) fiber, on the second place of applied fiber for production underwear, outerwear, sports/leisure wear and decorative fabrics.
Polylysine biomolecules are used to fabricate PA as material with the hydrophilic and antibacterial surface by a dip coating technique.
Chemical mechanism: The Schiff base reaction between the aldehyde groups of glutaraldehyde (used as crosslinker) and the amino groups of PLL and PA fiber was utilized to increase washing resistance.
Results: Final effects on the hydrophilicity of PA fabric were studied by the wetting time of water droplet, while the coating effect was further confirmed by water contact angle, moisture adsorption and capillary effect tests. The functional surface of the PLL coated fabric was proved by scanning electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and charge effect.
Conclusions: The PLL coated fabric exhibited excellent hydrophilic and antibacterial properties with good washing durability. This research suggests that PLL biomolecule can be used as a surface coating agent for imparting hydrophilic and antibacterial functions to PA fiber in the same time.
The effects of the dip coating conditions of PLL on the PA fabric.
The
PLL coated fabric exhibited
excellent hydrophilic
and antibacterial properties with good washing durability.
Source: W. Zhank et al.: Progres in Organic Coatings, 142, 2020, 105571, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2020.105571